Neonatal mortality refers to the number of deaths that occur within the first 28 days of life. This is a critical period for newborn babies, as they are particularly vulnerable during this time and require special care to ensure their survival. Neonatal mortality rates can be used as an indicator of the overall health of a population, as well as the quality of medical services available to mothers and infants. Factors that contribute to neonatal mortality include preterm birth, low birth weight, infections, congenital abnormalities, and complications during delivery. Reducing neonatal mortality is an important goal for public health efforts, as it can have a significant impact on the overall well-being of a society.